What type of circuit breaker is used for protection against overloads and short circuits?

The choice of a Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB) as the correct answer for protection against overloads and short circuits is based on its fundamental purpose and operational features. MCBs are designed to automatically disconnect the electrical supply when they detect an overload condition or a short circuit, preventing damage to electrical circuits and reducing the risk of fire hazards.

When current flowing through the circuit exceeds a certain threshold—indicative of an overload or a fault condition—the MCB trips, thereby protecting the wiring and connected devices. This automatic cut-off is essential for maintaining safety in electrical systems, ensuring that if there's a fault, the MCB will act quickly to minimize potential damage or hazards.

In contrast, the other devices listed serve different functions. An RCD (Residual Current Device) is primarily focused on detecting imbalances in electrical currents that can indicate leakage through insulation faults, thus preventing electric shock rather than providing direct overload and short circuit protection. An ELCB (Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker) operates similarly to RCDs and is designed to prevent electric shock by monitoring earth fault currents. The GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter) is akin to RCDs and protects against ground faults, which involve current leaking to the ground but