In the context of electrical distribution, what do protective relays primarily do?

Protective relays play a crucial role in electrical distribution systems by monitoring and responding to faults, which is essential for ensuring safety and reliability. They continuously analyze the electrical parameters of the system, such as current, voltage, and frequency. When the relays detect abnormal conditions that may indicate a fault—such as short circuits, overloads, or ground faults—they activate protective devices, like circuit breakers, to isolate the affected section of the system. This rapid response helps prevent further damage to equipment, reduces the risk of fire hazards, and enhances the overall safety of the electrical distribution network. The effective functioning of protective relays is vital in maintaining system integrity and ensuring the continuous operation of electrical services.