In electrical distribution, what does a transformer do?

A transformer is an essential component in electrical distribution that primarily functions to change voltage levels in an electrical circuit. This device operates on the principle of electromagnetic induction, allowing it to step up or step down voltage to meet the requirements of different parts of a power system. By adjusting voltage levels, transformers enable efficient power transmission over long distances while also ensuring that electricity supplied to homes and businesses is at a safe and usable level.

When electrical energy is transmitted across long distances, high voltage is used to reduce losses due to resistance in the wires. Once the electricity reaches its destination, transformers are used to lower the voltage to a level that is safe and suitable for consumption, such as the voltages commonly found in residential and commercial buildings. This functionality is critical for maintaining system stability and efficiency in power distribution networks.